Understanding Windshield Repair

For most automobile owners, changing oil and doing routine maintenance checks are important aspects of keeping the vehicle healthy. When the car manifests signs of problems, the driver would usually make sure it is corrected immediately to avoid more costly repairs later. But one thing most car owners neglect, but should not, is the windshield. Although the windshield does not belong with the ‘mysterious’ underhood components and seems to be transparent in its use, its importance cannot be understated. As with any car component problems, windshield damage should be repaired immediately.

Many people doubt the value of a chip repair. Paying fifty bucks for a chip repair that is barely the size of a nickel seems unreasonable. However, most do not realize that the windshield is very fragile to internal stress. It may look impenetrable, but when subjected to road and temperature stress, the chip can easily become a crack. Searching recent forums, an Acura owner’s tolerance of “an annoying little rock chip [had] finally become a long streak across the middle of [his] windshield.” (1)

Your Windshield

As with all things, let’s begin with the basics.

Windshield glass is a type of laminated glass. It consists of two layers of special composite glass with a laminate in between the layers. The laminate usually is made from a form of vinyl plastic, which is in simple terms, a very strong plastic. The laminate acts as a sticking board for the inner and outer layer of glass, which serves to hold both layers together and provides a surface in the event of shattering for glass fragments to adhere to.

A black frame, referred as the ‘frit’, lines the outer edges of the windshield, commonly 2-3 inches wide and even wider on top. The frit protects the urethane molding (generally speaking, glue that bonds windshield to car) of the windshield from the sun’s ultraviolet rays. Without the frit, the urethane would melt and cease to hold the windshield to the body frame. This is what happens with rear-view mirrors that are incorrectly installed; they fall off the windshield after the adhesives melt in the sun’s heat.

Functions of Your Windshield

Windshields play essential roles in vehicle safety and drivability. First and the most apparent function of the windshield is blocking wind and airborne debris from you and providing a clear perspective of road conditions. This is more of a drivability issue. The next two functions are safety-related, especially during an accident. In a frontal collision, two safety features of the car minimize impact damage to the driver and passenger: SRS Airbag and seat belts. In order for the airbag to deploy properly, the windshield needs to be in place. It stops the airbag from deploying upwards and redirects the direction of inflation toward the driver. In a rollover, windshield serves dually to prevent the roof of the car from collapsing and the passenger from having any body parts hanging outside the car. This issue is more pertinent with side windows, where loose body parts will dramatically increase fatality rates.

An improperly installed or cracked windshield will jeopardize your safety. One, the windshield may crack up and eventually lose integrity and shatter. Two, during an accident, the windshield will fly apart on airbag deployment with shards of glass spewing all over the place. And the airbag will be less effective. Third, on a rollover, compression stress will first stretch the crack from end to end and then finally break the windshield. Flying glass shards are very sharp and dangerous.

How Your Windshield is Installed

Ok, are you still following me? In the above sections, I have mentioned windshield structure and function. This section will cover windshield installation. The next section will tell you about windshield stress areas that dictate how likely a chip or crack is going to develop further.

Windshield placement is a highly robotic and computer-controlled process in the assembly line of automobile manufacturing. Computerized alignment and placement procedures ensure that both molding and windshield are accurately fitted. Preparation of the car frame provides a clean surface to which the windshield could bond. Furthermore, there is ample time between windshield installation and the end of the production line for the molding to cure. Because of these exacting processes, the quality that comes out the factory is the best.

For aftermarket windshield installation, getting rid of the original windshield properly is foremost to a good replacement. The correct installation techniques require removal of the old molding and lower windshield cowl panel. Subsequently the glass is cut out, leaving around 1/16” of urethane bedding. The channel area, where the urethane adhesives bond, should be primed to inhibit rust formation. Rust formation will eventually weaken the bonding of the windshield to the car. After placement of the windshield, the car should be given from 1-24 hours to cure, depending on the adhesives used.

Some unethical replacement practices include shortcuts, such as close-cutting, flush-cutting and jumping-the-cowl. These will not be covered here, but if you are interested, you may read about these shortcuts in brief in the second link in References.

Stresses the Windshield Endures

Whether your car is parked, speeding east on Highway 60 or turtle-ing in the morning rush hour on I-10, your windshield endures many abuses: temperature changes (most notably night cooling and day heating,) road vibrations and car body frame shears, and road debris.

Because glass expands and shrinks at a slower rate than the metal body frame it is located in, during temperature changes, for example a rise in ambient temperature, the expanding metal pushes in on the sides of the windshield; conversely, a decrease in the ambient temperature exerts a pulling force on the edges of the windshield.

Now imagine, in addition to temperature stress, the constant pulling and pushing of the windshield from the body frame absorbing road impact. A stress gradient exists within the windshield. The highest stress occurs around the edges and lessens gradually approaching the center point of the windshield.

So far so good…Then a rock hits the windshield and creates an opening. Usually the windshield could distribute temperature and vibrational stress to its neighboring glass molecule. Now, however, tension would accumulate along the edge of the crack until it travels down to the border of intact and separated glass. The extra tension causes the borderline intact glass to separate, since it is the next weakest point and would continue until something is done about it.

Stress gradients correlate directly to the likelihood of a chip or crack developing further. A stone break in a high stress area, i.e. the sides, is more likely to evolve into a crack. Cracks that start from the edges usually travel to the center of less stress, just as water flows from high pressure to low pressure. Depending on shearing forces the car body exerts on the windshield, the crack may actually travel in different directions.

Value Windshield Chip Repair Services

After you read this article, we hope that you have a deeper appreciation of the value of the windshield chip and crack repair that our service sector provides to you. By repairing stone breaks and cracks when repairable, we save you time and expense and give you quality. Cars retain their originally fitted windshield, which is ever more important in new models where windshield design have reached the stage that correct replacement is paramount to ensure a snug fit and prevent stress cracks from developing. (Stress crack can occur even without external damage, especially if the windshield is not designed to fit on certain car models.)

Properly done repairs will enhance the strength of the windshield, reduce optical distraction, restrict damage area and maintain a smooth surface for wiper operation.

To see the full article with extra links and pictures, visit www.gooberswindshieldrepair.com.

References

1 Acura Owner http://cl.acurazine.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-174634.html
2 Windshield Replacement Shortcuts http://www.ican2000.com/news/article_detail.asp?article=37

How Much Car Insurance Should You Buy?

How much insurance should you buy? Any insurance agent worthy of their salt will tell you that you should buy as much as you can afford. While this is a good rule of thumb, it's about as useful as a stock broker's tip to buy low and sell high. It might be sound logic but it doesn't get you any closer to an educated decision. There are a few filters that need consideration in order to make that educated decision. First, what is the state required minimum coverage where you live? Second, what does the minimum cover? Third, what other coverage is available and can you afford it? And fourthly, what are you protecting?

What do the minimums cover?

Now that you know what your state requires, what are you actually covered for once you purchase the minimum? Using the coverage definitions that follow, find the types of coverage required and see what your state says is the accepted minimum.

Coverage Definitions

Bodily Injury Liability
Covers other people's bodily injuries or death for which you are responsible. It also provides for a legal defense if another party in the accident files a lawsuit against you. Claims for bodily injury may be for such things as medical bills, loss of income or pain and suffering. In the event of a serious accident, you want enough insurance to cover a judgment against you in a lawsuit, without jeopardizing your personal assets. Bodily injury liability covers injury to people, not your vehicle. Therefore, it's a good idea to have the same level of coverage for all of your cars. Bodily Injury Liability does NOT cover you or other people on your policy. Coverage is limited to the terms and conditions contained in the policy.

Comprehensive Physical Damage Coverage
Covers your vehicle, and sometimes other vehicles you may be driving for losses resulting from incidents other than collision. For example, comprehensive insurance covers damage to your car if it is stolen; or damaged by flood, fire, or animals. Pays to fix your vehicle less the deductible you choose. To keep your premiums low, select as high a deductible as you feel comfortable paying out of pocket. Coverage is limited to the terms and conditions contained in the policy.

Collision Coverage
Covers damage to your car when your car hits, or is hit by, another vehicle, or other object. Pays to fix your vehicle less the deductible you choose. To keep your premiums low, select as large a deductible as you feel comfortable paying out of pocket. For older cars, consider dropping this coverage, since coverage is normally limited to the cash value of your car. Coverage is limited to the terms and conditions contained in the policy.

Medical Payments
Covers medical expenses to you and your passengers injured in an accident. There may also be coverage if as a pedestrian a vehicle injures you. Does NOT matter who is at fault. Coverage is limited to the terms and conditions contained in the policy.

Uninsured Motorist Coverage
Covers bodily injuries to you and your passengers when the other person has no insurance or not enough insurance in a crash that is not your fault. In some states, there is also uninsured motorist coverage for damage to your vehicle. Given the large number of uninsured motorists, this is very important coverage to have, even in states with no-fault insurance. Coverage is limited to the terms and conditions contained in the policy

Personal Injury Protection Coverage
Covers within the specified limits, the medical, hospital and funeral expenses of the insured, others in his vehicles and pedestrians struck by him. The basic coverage for the insured's own injuries on a first-party basis, without regard to fault. It is only available in certain states.

Property Damage Liability
Covers you if your car damages someone else's property. Usually it is their car, but it could be a fence, a house or any other property damaged in an accident. It also provides you with legal defense if another party files a lawsuit against you. It is a good idea to purchase enough of this insurance to cover the amount of damage your car might do to another vehicle or object. Coverage is limited to the terms and conditions contained in the policy.

Rental Car Reimbursement
Covers renting a car if your car isn't drivable or while your car is being repaired because of a covered accident.

What else is available and can you afford it?

Did you come across a coverage and think, "I need that but it isn't required by state law" when you were reviewing the coverage definitions? Chances are you did. Can your budget afford the additional expense of these protections? Or maybe more to the point; can you afford NOT to have these additional protections? At CarInsurance.com it's easy to get multiple quotes all with a click of your mouse. And during the quoting process, it's simple to add or remove coverage to see how additional coverage will affect your budget.

What are you protecting?

What assets need to be protected from being plucked away if you cause injury or damage?
A) Your car itself. If this is a significant asset, or at least the bank you owe money to thinks so, then you will need comprehensive and collision.
B) Your net worth. Do you have an enormous net worth to protect. If so, either get it out of your name and into a trust or buy all the insurance you can. If you have little or nothing to protect, then you can get by with less and still be financially responsible.

However, after you determine how much protection to get, always ask how much more it is for the next level higher. Very often, you can get significantly more coverage for very little cost.

Car insurance isn't flashy. There is no "wow" factor and the opposite gender isn't going to be impressed by the size of your policy. But not having enough can be the difference between financial stability and financial ruin. For what its worth, CarInsurance.com finds financial stability incredibly appealing.

How To Slash Your Car Insurance Costs Up To 54% In 10 Easy Steps - Part 1

How much do you pay for Car Insurance every year?

Eight hundred dollars a year? One thousand? Two thousand?

Whatever the amount you're paying now, you can slash that amount by more than 50% by simply following a few simple strategies.

Can you cut your car insurance costs by investing only 30 seconds of your time? No, that can't be done.

But if you're willing to spend 30 minutes today, this week, or next, I'll show you how to save up to $6,000 on your Car Insurance over the next 10 years.

Okay, here we go. Grab your Car Insurance declarations page (the page in your policy that details all the coverage’s you're paying for) and follow along. Make sure you take some notes. If you don't have your policy, or can't find it, call your car insurance company and get one - they'll send it to you pronto.

STRATEGY 1 - Make sure you're getting all applicable discounts for your vehicles safety features, such as:

- Front, Side or Head Curtain Air Bags;
- Automatic Seat Belts;
- Anti-Theft Alarms or Tracking;
- ABS or Traction Control....and many more.

Think about the safety features you have....and write them down.

STRATEGY 2 - Review & Change Deductibles For Comp & Collision.

Most Car Insurance Policies have two deductibles - one for "collision" (you hit someone or someone hits you) and one for "Comprehensive" (all other damage or loss).

For both of these, have at least a $500 deductible - preferably a $1000 deductible.

Here's why - If you are currently paying a $100 - $250 deductible, you'll save up to 40% per year on your monthly premiums by moving it to $500. That means if you're currently spending $1,000 a year on insurance, you're going to get to keep $400 every year. If you jump to a $1,000 deductible, you could keep almost $600 extra a year in your pocket.

I can hear some of you saying, "Wow, a $1,000 deductible. That's a lot of money." Yes, it is.

So is paying $1,000 a year with that $100 deductible....versus $400 a year with a $1,000 deductible.

The odds are in your favor - go with the $1,000 deductible.

STRATEGY 3 - Review & Change Property Damage Liability.

Have you ever seen a $100,000 mailbox? Car Insurance Companies must have. Here's why....

Property damage is not damage done to an automobile but rather "property" like a mailbox or a utility pole. So, why in the world would you need $100,000 dollars of coverage?

In most cases, almost 100% of all property damage claims can be taken care of with only $50,000 of coverage. So take a look at your policy to find out what you're currently paying for. And if you have little or no Net Worth, drop your coverage even lower - to $25,000 or your States minimum. You can find your States minimum by doing a Google search for "car insurance state minimums."

Here's what to look for on your policy - Many will have your liability coverage's listed like so - 50/100/100 - The first two numbers refer to bodily injury liability coverage. The 1st number is the dollar figure covered per person. The 2nd is the dollar figure per accident.

The 3rd number is the "Property Damage Liability." That's what you need to change. What does yours say?

STRATEGY 4 - Review & Change Bodily Injury Liability.

Although Bodily Injury Liability Coverage is a must, almost all of us end-up overpaying for the coverage we need. This type of coverage specifically covers:

- Any and all occupants of an automobile, whether it's yours or someone else's;
- Any and all occupants of another vehicle;
- And Pedestrians

Your only goal with this type of coverage is to have just enough protection to protect what is yours....in other words, your assets. And in order to protect your assets, you need to figure out what your Net Worth is - here's a well known site for calculating your net worth - www.kiplinger.com/personalfinance/tools/networth.html?

A great way to slash your premiums is to have no more in bodily injury liability than what your net worth is. Here's a common example of the coverage most people have - If your net worth is only $20,000 and you have $100,000 in coverage, you're throwing money away.

And if you have little, or negative net worth, just get the required State minimums. You'll need this info to get the lowest car insurance rates. Again, you can get see your state minimums by Googling "car insurance state minimums."

Here's what to look for when trying to figure out how much coverage you have now. As I said earlier, most Policies today have your liability coverage's listed like so - 50/100/100 - The first two numbers (whatever they might be) refer to bodily injury liability coverage. In this example, there is $50,000 in coverage per person and $100,000 per accident.

What does your policy say? Are you paying more than your net worth? If so, change it.

STRATEGY 5 - Review & Change Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Coverage.

The uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage is a fantastic deal for car insurance companies....and a lousy one for you. This premium alone can increase your auto insurance by a couple hundred dollars a year.

Most folks think that uninsured/underinsured coverage is there to get your car repaired if it is hit by someone without insurance....or someone with lousy insurance.

Wrong.

Any damage done to your car is already covered - by the premium you're already paying for collision.

First things first....check your policy if your paying for uninsured/underinsured coverage now. If you are, Google "uninsured motorist state requirements" to see if your State requires it.

If it's not required by your State, cancel it.

If the State you live in does require uninsured/underinsured coverage, make sure you have the absolute minimum required. These minimums are not advertised, change every couple of years and are very difficult to find. So, here's how you handle this.

Do a Google search for your State Department of Insurance, go to the "Contact Us" page, find a phone number, then call and ask what the minimums are.

Don't try looking for it. Finding the minimums listed is almost impossible on most State Web Sites - they've buried it so deep you'll never find it. Just call your State Department of Insurance.

I know it's a bit of a hassle to get the info yourself. Yet relying on the Insurance Companies to give you the correct information isn't very wise.

Next – Part 2 of “How To Slash Your Car Insurance Costs Up To 54% In 10 Easy Steps”